Framework
I. Definitional
P1) Slavery is the state of being owned by another person.
P2) The majority of animal agriculture places animals in the state of being owned by another person.
C) The majority of animal agriculture is slavery.
II. Moral Equalization
P1) If x societal practice features the disparate treatment of different sentient individuals, there must be an ethically relevant distinction between the instigators and the recipients of x practice, such that x practice is justified as ethically permissible.
P2) Our current societal practices feature the disparate treatment of different sentient individuals (animals and humans).
C) Therefore, there must be an ethically relevant distinction between the instigators and the recipients of x practice, such that x practice is justified as ethically permissible.
Proposition a: If we can clearly recognize the slavery of humans, we can recognize that treating humans the way we treat farm animals would be slavery.
Proposition b: If there is no ethically relevant distinction between humans and animals, the way we treat farm animals is slavery.
Verdict: none of these positions exhibit an ethical justification for the treatment of animals. As a consequence, animal farming is unquestionably slavery.
Conclusion
this whole argument depends on 3 things:
Definition of slavery.
Definition of person.
Definition of animal.
Even if we were to accept definition of slavery as given (which we dont have to),
no definition of person was provided in argument.
Likewise, no definition of animal was provided.
Without any of these definitions, it is not possible to deduce:
Animal = person
Slavery = applies to person
Slavery = applies to animal
Likewise, it is not possible to logically say cow = human (fails by law of identity).
So no logical equality between cow and human is even possible in formal logic.
Other comparisons made likewise fail by law of identity.
Saying that cow is sentient and humans are sentient is not logically saying "cow's sentience = human's sentience".
Argument tries to do "appeal to absurdity" by saying it would be absurd to say if humans evolved to another species, it would be okay to farm those species.
But this fails by law of identity too.
"Humans to another species" = / = current cows.
As for what counts as "ethical justification", that is arbitrary, and some standard can always be set to include cows while excluding whatever the debater sees as "absurd".
Because the argument doesnt use deductive logic, and fails by law of identity, it cannot be considered valid in formal logic.
At best, argument is appeal to similarity, not equality.
And similarity doesnt work in deductive logic.
Saying that "A is similar to B in some way", is never saying "A = B".
This argument fails due to its alleged syllogism. P2 must be true for the syllogism to be successful deductive reasoning. It is far from true due to the clause, “:…places animals in the state of being owned by another person.” [italics added for emphasis] Animals differentiate from people, even though people [Homo sapiens] are broadly classified as an animal species, such as differentiated from plant species. Where one proposition fails, therefore, the conclusion, and the entire effort of deductive reasoning fails.