Definitions: Oxford Languages

Islam:

The religion of the Muslims, a monotheistic faith regarded as revealed through Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم,) as the Prophet of Allah.

Atheism:

Disbelief in the existence of God or gods.

Universe:

All existing matter and space considered as a whole; the cosmos. The universe is believed to be at least 10 billion light years in diameter and contains a vast number of galaxies; it has been expanding since its creation in the Big Bang about 13.7 billion years ago.

Note: Though Humanly provided scientific data for the Universe is limited and the scope is very limited as well, while Islam provides a complete picture.

Islamic Definition of Universe:

In Islam, the universe (

al-`Ālam) is defined as everything other than Allah, a creation brought into being by His command "Kun" (Be!), serving as a sign of His power and wisdom, and existing for a set purpose and time, not eternally, with humans as integral parts meant to recognize their Creator through study and reflection. It's a divinely ordered system, often described in Quranic terms as seven heavens and earth, governed by God's continuous attention.

Ref: https://fkp.usim.edu.my/islam-and-cosmology/

Presumption:

I assume that, Atheist view about the Universe is based on whatever information humans have perceived through scientific discoveries and knowledge, known as Science.

So, 

lets Dive into what they present:

Question:

What is the origin of the universe according to Science?

Scientific Explanation:

The best-supported theory of our universe's origin centers on an event known as the big bang. This theory was born of the observation that other galaxies are moving away from our own at great speed in all directions, as if they had all been propelled by an ancient explosive force.

A Belgian priest named Georges Lemaître first suggested the big bang theory in the 1920s, when he theorized that the universe began from a single primordial atom. The idea received major boosts from Edwin Hubble's observations that galaxies are speeding away from us in all directions, as well as from the 1960s discovery of cosmic microwave radiation—interpreted as echoes of the big bang—by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson.

(So Science Gets It Wrong. Then What?)

Further work has helped clarify the big bang's tempo. Here’s the theory: In the first 10^-43 seconds of its existence, the universe was very compact, less than a million billion billionth the size of a single atom. It's thought that at such an incomprehensibly dense, energetic state, the four fundamental forces—gravity, electromagnetism, and the strong and weak nuclear forces—were forged into a single force, but our current theories haven't yet figured out how a single, unified force would work. To pull this off, we'd need to know how gravity works on the subatomic scale, but we currently don't.

Ref: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/origins-of-the-universe

As we are going to debate about the origin of the universe, that means it should be about the very beginning and the reasons or means to come into existence. 

When we talk about the very beginning then we have already seen that the big bang was the origin of the universe.

If we see above information about the big bang we see it is about t≠0 but some part of a sec. But what and how was the universe at t=0. If we know about that then we can know how it originated. 

What do we get from the given article?

https://www.einstein-online.info/en/spotlight/big_bangs/?utm_source=chatgpt.com

Quote:

If we simply follow the predictions of Einstein’s theory of general relativity for the evolution of a simple expanding, homogeneous universe filled with matter and radiation, then our journey into the past will eventually come to an end – a point in time where we cannot go back any further. At this moment, all the galaxies that we see around us today were compressed into a region of zero volume – to a single point in space. Since density is defined as mass divided by volume, the density was infinite. In Einstein’s theory, matter influences the way that the geometry of space and time is distorted, and at this moment of infinite matter density, the curvature of spacetime was infinite, as well. Within the simple cosmological models based on general relativity, there is no possibility to go to any earlier times than this. Such a boundary of time (or, more generally, of spacetime) is called a singularity.

Quote:

The beginning of the universe is a singularity which is commonly called the “big bang singularity” or simply the “big bang”.

Quote:

Directly afterwards, there followed a period of expansion during which the temperature and density of matter in the universe were so extreme that current science cannot tell us what happened – we simply do not have reliable physical theories describing the properties of matter under such extreme conditions.

Quote:

Often, the big bang phase is taken to include a hypothetical period of rapid, accelerated expansion called inflation, which began as early as 10-43 seconds after the big bang singularity.

Quote:

Quote:

Whether or not there really was a big bang singularity is a totally different question. Most cosmologists would be very surprised if it turned out that our universe really did have an infinitely dense, infinitely hot, infinitely curved beginning. Commonly, the fact that a model predicts infinite values for some physical quantity indicates that the model is too simple and fails to include some crucial aspect of the real world. In fact, we already know what the usual cosmological models fail to include: At ultra-high densities, with the whole of the observable universe squeezed into a volume much smaller than that of an atom, we would expect quantum effects to become crucially important. But the cosmological standard models do not include full quantum versions of space, time and geometry – they are not based on a quantum theory of gravity. However, at the present time we do not yet have a reliable theory of quantum gravity. While there are promising candidates for such a theory, none are developed far enough to yield reliable predictions for the very early universe.

Quote:

Thus, while some cosmologists do not have a problem with assuming that our universe began in a singular state, most are convinced that the big bang singularity is an artefact – to be replaced by a more accurate description once quantum gravity research has made suitable progress. To be replaced with what? Nobody knows for sure. In some models, we can go infinitely far into the past (one example is presented in the spotlight text Avoiding the big bang). In others, the big bang is replaced by a beginning of the universe which avoids all infinities, but in which time itself is rather different from what we are used to (some more information about this can be found in the spotlight text Searching for the quantum beginning of the universe).

Let's dive into another source.

Link:

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-black-hole-at-the-beginning-of-time/?utm_source=chatgpt.com

Quote:

“Cosmology’s greatest challenge is understanding the big bang itself — the sudden, violent emergence of all space, time and matter from an infinitely dense point called a singularity. … All the laws of physics break down. … We have no reason to think that a singularity would generate a universe as ordered as the one we see.”

Another:

https://www.livescience.com/space/black-holes/black-holes-may-obey-the-laws-of-physics-after-all-new-theory-suggests?utm_source=chatgpt.com

Quote:

The singularity is the most mysterious and problematic part of a black hole. It's where our concepts of space and time literally no longer make sense,

Quote:

Black holes — regions of space-time with extreme curvature — first arose as a concept from solutions to Einstein's field equations suggested by German physicist and astronomer Karl Schwartzchild as he served on the front line during the First World War in 1915. These solutions go to infinity at the center of that region. Physicists don't like infinities, as they indicate the breakdown or incompleteness of their models, or suggest something entirely unphysical. That means something really troubling and undesirable for physicists.

Summery:

In short the universe at singularity is infinitely dense and has 0 volume and time and space did not exist. 

All laws of physics break here. Science knows nothing about this state of the universe. 

The very hard question, even more harder than singularity itself, is how this state of the universe came into existence in the first place. How can the whole universe which we can observe be so dense or concentrated that no volume exists. 

You can say if it was in the form of energy with no mass at all which normally all lights are, massless particles. I do not know how someone can say particles in the first place. And the whole universe comes into existence from it.

What that force would be called who would have compressed the universe into such a state if it existed in any form before. Or even brought forward into existence if it did not exist at all.

Science has no answer for it.

Does Islam have it?

Let's dive into Islamic stance and model for the universe.

I am going to use Quranic verses and Hadith about the origin of the universe and its model.

Singularity and Big Bang in Quran:

Surah Al-Anbiya (21:30) from the Quran:

Arabic text:

أَوَلَمْ يَرَ الَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا أَنَّ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ كَانَتَا رَتْقًا فَفَتَقْنَاهُمَا ۖ وَجَعَلْنَا مِنَ الْمَاءِ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ حَيٍّ ۖ أَفَلَا يُؤْمِنُونَ

Translation (Sahih International):

Have those who disbelieved not considered that the heavens and the earth were a joined entity (ratqan), and We separated them (fataqnāhumā) and made from water every living thing? Then will they not believe?

Ratqan (رَتْقًا)

This is the word you specifically asked about. It comes from the root ر-ت-ق (r-t-q), which means something that is closed up, fused together, joined/sewn tightly, or sealed so that there is no separation or opening.

Fataqnāhumā (فَفَتَقْنَاهُمَا)

From the root ف-ت-ق (f-t-q), the opposite of ratq: to split apart, separate, open up, or tear/cloven. It means "We clove them asunder" or "We separated them."

So

Modern interpretations often connect it to the idea of the universe being a single dense point/mass before separation (similar to Big Bang cosmology concepts, though the verse itself is miraculous in its description regardless of scientific parallels).

Surah Adh-Dhariyat (51:47):

وَالسَّمَاءَ بَنَيْنَاهَا بِأَيْدٍ وَإِنَّا لَمُوسِعُونَ

Transliteration:

And the heaven We constructed with strength/power, and indeed, We are [its] expander.

Key words:

Al-samā'a (السَّمَاءَ) — "The heaven" or "the sky/universe/cosmos." In Quranic usage, it often refers to the entire heavenly structure or the universe beyond the earth (singular form here, but contextually encompassing the vast heavens).

Banaynāhā (بَنَيْنَاهَا) — From the root ب-ن-ي (b-n-y), meaning "to build," "to construct," or "to erect/found firmly." It implies building with skill, strength, and purpose — not casually, but with deliberate power and design. The dual/plural "We" (na) emphasizes Allah's majestic act of creation.

Bi-aydin (بِأَيْدٍ) — This is one of the more nuanced words. From the root أ-ي-د (ʾ-y-d), it means "with strength," "with power," "with might," or "with firm hands/support." Classical tafsirs (e.g., Ibn Kathir, Tabari) explain it as "with power and force" or "with Our invincible might" — indicating that the construction of the heavens required immense divine strength, far beyond human capability. It's not literal "hands" but a metaphor for absolute power (similar to other Quranic uses like "yad" for power/authority). Some render it as "with (Our) power" or "by Our might."

La-mūsi‘ūn(a) (لَمُوسِعُونَ) — This is the key difficult word often highlighted. From the root و-س-ع (w-s-‘), which means "to expand," "to make wide/broad," "to extend/enlarge," or "to make spacious." The form "mūsi‘ūn" is the active participle plural: "We are expanders" or "We are (steadily/continuously) expanding (it)." In tafsirs:

1. Classical scholars (like Ibn Abbas, Mujahid) explained it as Allah continuously making the heaven vast and spacious.
2. Many modern interpretations connect it to the scientific observation of the expanding universe (discovered in the 20th century), seeing it as a miraculous sign of ongoing cosmic expansion following creation/separation (as in 21:30's "fataqnā").

Surah Al-Furqan (25:59)

الَّذِىۡ خَلَقَ السَّمٰوٰتِ وَالۡاَرۡضَ وَمَا بَيۡنَهُمَا فِىۡ سِتَّةِ اَيَّامٍ ثُمَّ اسۡتَوٰى عَلَى الۡعَرۡشِ‌ۛۚ الرَّحۡمٰنُ فَسۡـَٔلۡ بِهٖ خَبِيۡرًا‏ 

Translation:

He is˺ the One Who created the heavens and the earth and everything in between in six Days,1 then established Himself on the Throne. ˹He is˺ the Most Compassionate! Ask ˹none other than˺ the All-Knowledgeable about Himself.

Quran 41 (9-11)

(a six days course)

9

Say, “Do you really disbelieve in the One who has created the earth in two days, and ascribe to Him partners? That is the Lord of the worlds.

10

He has placed firm mountains in it (the earth) towering above it, and put blessings in it, and proportioned its foods therein, in four days, equal for those who ask.

11

Then He turned straight to the sky, while it was a smoke, and said to it and to the earth, “Come (to My obedience), both of you, willingly or unwillingly.” Both said, “We come willingly.”

12

So He accomplished them as seven skies in two days, and settled in every sky its (due) thing. And We have decorated the closest sky with lamps, and protected it properly. All this is the determination of the All-Mighty, the All-Knowing.

 Qur’anic Framework: Sura Fussilat 9–12

1. Earth and Sustenance
2. 
   
3. Allah says He created the earth in 2 days and established sustenance over it in 2 more days (41:9–10).
4. The verse uses siwāʾ (سَوَاءً) → interpreted as “equally distributed” sustenance across the earth.
5. Total “4 days” = earth + sustenance, aligning metaphorically with billions-of-years evolution.
6. Heaven(s)
7. 
   
8. Verse 11: Allah says the heaven and earth were smoke (dukhan) and commanded them to come forth.
9. Smoke = early nebula / cosmic plasma stage.
10. “Come willingly” = obey natural laws; universe evolves according to Allah’s will.
11. Verse 12: He completed seven heavens in 2 days and adorned the nearest heaven with stars.
12. The Qur’an distinguishes earth+heaven (4 days) and the seven heavens (2 days).
13. Total creation = 6 days, matching the Quranic framework.

Takeaway: The Qur’an provides a staged description: early condensed cosmic matter (earth + heavens) → sustenance → structured heavens. This framework aligns with a unified early universe evolving over cosmic time.

1. t = 0 / Singularity
2. 
   
3. Modern cosmology: At Planck time (~10⁻⁴³ sec), physics breaks down.
4. Equations predict infinite density — a mathematical limit, not a literal “dot.”
5. The Qur’an describes a condensed unified state: heaven and earth as smoke, then expansion begins.
6. Key point: Science cannot describe this state; revelation affirms Allah’s creative power at the origin.
7. Energy and Matter
8. 
   
9. Early universe: dominated by high-energy radiation and fundamental fields.
10. Mass emerges from energy (pair production, E=mc²).
11. Science describes behavior (how matter/energy interact), not ontological essence.
12. Photon / Light Analogy
13. 
    
14. Photons = massless, yet real; measurable by effects, not tangible in classical sense.
15. Similarly, Allah sustains creation through unseen power; measurable only by observable effects, not by physical means.

Takeaway: Physics explains the evolution of matter and energy, but cannot explain ultimate origin, essence of laws, or why the universe exists at all. Qur’an provides that metaphysical grounding.

Conclusion:

The Qur’an presents a coherent cosmological framework that remarkably aligns with multiple established scientific findings:

1. The universe had a beginning (21:30)
2. It was once unified before separation (21:30)
3. It expanded (51:47)
4. The early state involved “smoke” (41:11) — consistent with a hot gaseous cosmic phase
5. Creation unfolded in ordered stages (multiple “six days” verses)

Modern cosmology independently confirms:

1. The universe began from an initial dense state.
2. It expanded.
3. It passed through plasma/gas-dominated phases.
4. Structure formation occurred progressively.

This alignment is not forced, and it is not copied from 7th-century cosmology — because 7th-century cosmology did not contain Big Bang expansion, cosmic plasma states, or a temporal beginning of spacetime.

yes,

1. When two independent knowledge systems converge on multiple major points,
2. And one of them predates modern instruments by 1400 years,
3. And that system avoids the scientific errors common at its time,
4. Then it is rational to treat its remaining statements with epistemic credibility.

That is not blind faith.

That is inference to the best explanation.

Science admits that at t → 0, its equations break down. It cannot describe the origin state.

The Qur’an, however, affirms:

1. The universe had a beginning.
2. It emerged from a unified state.
3. It expanded.
4. It developed in ordered stages.

Where science reaches mathematical silence, revelation speaks.

And where science later discovers confirmed facts, the Qur’an had already stated them.

If the Qur’an consistently aligns with established reality where verification is possible, then it is rational — not blind — to trust it regarding what lies beyond current scientific reach.

The Qur’an provides ontological truths and foundational cosmological structure.

Science explains mechanisms.

The Qur’an explains origin, purpose, and ultimate cause.

Mechanism does not eliminate causation.

Again

Resolution:

Islam explains best about the origin of the universe. 

Why?

Let's see,

What does origin mean?

The point or place where something begins, arises, or is derived. (Oxford languages)

There are two ways to find out, who explains best about the origin or beginning of the universe.

One is to discuss atheistic explanations, who use science for it, and empirical methods to find truth about something.

Another would be Islam, what it says about the origin of the universe.

So I am going to discuss Islamic prospects.

What Allah says about the origin of the universe in the Quran.

Quran 52:35

أَمْ خُلِقُوا۟ مِنْ غَيْرِ شَىْءٍ أَمْ هُمُ ٱلْخَـٰلِقُونَ

Translation:

Were they created of nothing, or were they themselves the creators?

Allah has excluded the existence from nothing and coming into existence on its own. 

So how did the universe come into existence according to islam?

Quran 32:4

ٱللَّهُ ٱلَّذِى خَلَقَ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضَ وَمَا بَيْنَهُمَا فِى سِتَّةِ أَيَّامٍۢ ثُمَّ ٱسْتَوَىٰ عَلَى ٱلْعَرْشِ ۖ مَا لَكُم مِّن دُونِهِۦ مِن وَلِىٍّۢ وَلَا شَفِيعٍ ۚ أَفَلَا تَتَذَكَّرُونَ

Translation:

It is Allah Who has created the heavens and the earth, and all between them, in six Days, and is firmly established on the Throne (of Authority): ye have none, besides Him, to protect or intercede (for you): will ye not then receive admonition?

—-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

                      How? 

Quran 2:117

بَدِيعُ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضِ ۖ وَإِذَا قَضَىٰٓ أَمْرًۭا فَإِنَّمَا يَقُولُ لَهُۥ كُن فَيَكُونُ

˹He is˺ the Originator of the heavens and the earth! When He decrees a matter, He simply tells it, “Be!” And it is!

= Very simple and easy explanation.

He does not use hands or tools because he is the real creator of the universe. He says he created heaven and earth and what is between them means all the creations. So for him only saying “be” is enough to create whatever he wants and things unfold like bigbang from the singularity, which lasts(we do not know how long the singularity remained into existence) until he unlock it and let it come into existence like it is now.

So quarks and quantum fluctuation and energy and other sub atomic particles are the result of his command. All the laws you say are laws of physics which are commands of Allah for the universe to work perfectly and intelligently.  

A perfect design to fulfil his will.

In the last round I mentioned when Allah commanded heaven and earth to come into existence willingly that means he originated them and gave them laws. Which they follow obediently. That is what willingly means, that is how things unfold on its own. But things still follow commands from Allah to even let that happen. They did not unfold until Allah commanded them.

For this how the Quran gives a lot of information.

I will present the whole picture of the whole universe Allah has given in the Quran.

Here we go,

Surah At-Takwir (81:15-16)

فَلَا أُقْسِمُ بِالْخُنَّسِ (15) الْجَوَارِ الْكُنَّسِ (16)

I do swear by the receding stars (15)

which travel and hide (16)

Explanation:

If you simply google the words receding stars you will find a lot of articles about red shift. Here we go.

A question posed by someone

https://van.physics.illinois.edu/ask/listing/7007

Astronomers say that the universe is expanding and galaxies are receding from each other with an accelerating speed. 

Answer:

During the 1920’s and 30’s, Edwin Hubble discovered that the Universe is expanding, with galaxies moving away from each other at a velocity given by an expression known as Hubble’s Law: V = H*R. Here V represents the galaxy’s recessional velocity, R is its distance away from Earth, and H is a constant of proportionality called Hubble’s constant.

So Allah is swearing about and constant which is a cause of a big phenomenon in the universe.

Another:

https://www.britannica.com/science/cosmology-astronomy/Finite-or-infinite#ref1070739

His discovery of the systematic recession of the galaxies provided an escape, however. At first people thought that the redshift effect alone would suffice to explain why the sky is dark at night—namely, that the light from the stars in distant galaxies would be redshifted to long wavelengths beyond the visible regime. The modern consensus is, however, that a finite age for the universe is a far more important effect. Even if the universe is spatially infinite, photons from very distant galaxies simply do not have the time to travel to Earth because of the finite speed of light. There is a spherical surface, the cosmic event horizon (13.8 billion light-years in radial distance from Earth at the current epoch), beyond which nothing can be seen even in principle; and the number (roughly 1010) of galaxies within this cosmic horizon, the observable universe, are too few to make the night sky bright. 

—-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Now the big question is               why?

Quran 45:22

وَخَلَقَ ٱللَّهُ ٱلسَّمَـٰوَٰتِ وَٱلْأَرْضَ بِٱلْحَقِّ وَلِتُجْزَىٰ كُلُّ نَفْسٍۭ بِمَا كَسَبَتْ وَهُمْ لَا يُظْلَمُونَ

Translation:

If

Allah has created the heavens and the earth with just purpose, and so that everybody is recompensed for what he (or she) earned, and they will not be wronged.

. 

I will add more material if my opponent starts participating. I presented this for the people who may read the debate.

I will add more verses from the Quran which gives more astonishing information about the universe and how and why Allah created it.

The Quran's Six Days of Creation — A Scientific Framework

Opening

The Quran describes the creation of the universe in six days.

Let me walk you through it carefully.

Step 1 — What Does the Quran Actually Say?

Surah Fussilat (41:9-12) breaks creation into three separate phases, each described as two days:

1. 2 days — Creation of Earth (Ard)
2. 2 days — Creation of Sustenance (Aqwat) for Earth
3. 2 days — Creation of Heaven (Sama)

Total = six days. Three pairs. Three distinct phases of creation.

Now before we go further — we need to define these three terms correctly. Because if you use the wrong definitions, the whole framework collapses. And if you use the correct definitions, everything aligns perfectly.

Step 2 — Correct Definitions

Earth (Ard) = All Physical Matter

Not just our planet. The entire physical dimension. Every atom, every element, every particle in the universe. Why? Because every single particle in the universe was a prerequisite for Earth's existence. Change anything anywhere and Earth cannot exist. Quantum entanglement and cosmic fine-tuning confirm that the universe is one interconnected physical system. So "Ard" in this context means all physical matter that was brought into existence.

Sustenance (Aqwat) = All Provisions Delivered to Earth

Water came via comets. Iron came via meteorites. Carbon came via stellar explosions. All of this was delivered to Earth during what science calls the Late Heavy Bombardment. This is exactly how Earth received every ingredient necessary for life. The Quran calls this "sustenance" — and that is precisely what it was.

Heaven (Sama) = The Space-Time Fabric

Allah says He will wrap the heavens like a scroll on the Day of Judgment. You wrap fabric — not matter. Einstein's General Relativity describes space-time as exactly a fabric — a stretchable, bendable fabric in which matter exists. Matter and space-time are inseparable. So "Sama" here is not the sky above your head. It is the space-time fabric of the universe itself.

Step 3 — The Mathematical Alignment

The universe is 13.8 billion years old. Three equal epochs. Divide:

13.8 billion ÷ 3 = 4.6 billion years per epoch

So:

1. Epoch 1 = 0 to 4.6 billion years
2. Epoch 2 = 4.6 to 9.2 billion years
3. Epoch 3 = 9.2 to 13.8 billion years and still ongoing

Now watch what happens when we apply the correct definitions.

Step 4 — Three Epochs Applied

Epoch 1 — Matter Created (0 to 4.6 billion years)

The Big Bang occurs at t=0. Nothing existed before. Then — first atoms form. Then stars ignite. Stars burn for millions of years then explode as supernovae. These explosions forge all the heavy elements — iron, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen — everything the periodic table contains. All the raw material of the physical universe is produced in this epoch. This is the creation of Ard — all physical matter brought into existence.

Epoch 2 — Sustenance Delivered (4.6 to 9.2 billion years)

Here is where it becomes remarkable. Our solar system begins forming from the debris of dead stars at exactly 4.6 billion years. Earth itself begins forming at 4.54 billion years ago. That is precisely at the boundary between epoch 1 and epoch 2. Not approximately. Not roughly. Exactly at the transition point. Then during this epoch — comets deliver water, meteorites deliver iron, stellar explosions deliver carbon. Oceans form. Life begins around 3.8 billion years ago. Everything Earth needed to sustain life — delivered in this epoch. This is Aqwat — sustenance.

Epoch 3 — Heaven Expanding (9.2 to 13.8 billion years and ongoing)

Now this is the most powerful part. Surah Adh-Dhariyat (51:47) says — and pay attention to the tense — "And the heaven We constructed with strength, and indeed We are its expander." Present tense. Ongoing. Not "We expanded" — "We are expanding." Science confirmed in 1998 through the Nobel Prize winning discovery that the universe is not just expanding — it is accelerating in its expansion, driven by dark energy. These two days of creation are not finished. The Quran told us 1400 years ago that the expansion of heaven is a continuous ongoing process.

Step 5 — Six Simultaneous Alignments

Let me list what aligns simultaneously in this single framework:

1. Heaven and Earth joined then separated = singularity and Big Bang (Surah Al-Anbiya 21:30)
2. Three equal epochs of 4.6 billion years each
3. Earth's exact scientific formation date lands precisely at epoch 2 boundary
4. Heaven described as wrappable fabric = Einstein's space-time confirmed
5. Sustenance delivered = Late Heavy Bombardment confirmed by geology
6. Third epoch described in present tense = dark energy expansion confirmed 1998

Six alignments. One framework. One ancient text.

I am looking forward my opponent to respond to my case and present his own.

looking forward good debate.

My opponent said:

Well a religion is diffrent from science.

Rebuttal:

We are not debating whether religion is different from science.

It's pre assumed that religion is different from science, that is why the title of debate is Islam vs Atheism.

We further assumed from the previous round that:

“The atheistic view about the Universe is based on whatever information humans have perceived through scientific discoveries and knowledge, known as Science. “

So we are already doing a specific topic within the broader statement of Islam is different from science. So now mentioning again has no purpose and I have already taken this into consideration. That is why we are debating whether Islamic view is more acceptable than the scientific view. It's already established from my opening argument. 

On the other hand:

This sounds reasonable emotionally, but philosophically it is incomplete.

Islam is not merely:

1. poetry
2. mythology
3. symbolic spirituality

Islam makes objective truth claims about reality.

For example:

1. universe was created
2. universe had beginning
3. matter is not eternal
4. humans are designed
5. laws exist
6. order exists

These are objective claims.

So I would say my opponent is not making any argument at all, this is a defensive retreat.

My opponent said:

People are free to believe whatever they want, 

Rebuttal or response:

Who would deny that? Indeed people are free to believe whatever they want but should that believe is not supposed to be established on facts? If they are then, those would be called beliefs with facts. 

Is it not good if there are some beliefs which are based on facts and figures?

My opponent said:

but it is important to acknowladge that sometimes a religionous book like the Qoran should be taken subjectively rather then objectively.

The Big Bang - NASA Science according to this the big bang has likely happened.

Some muslims even believe the big bang theory and not the Qoran when it comes to how the universe was made.

sry for this very short response, this is the best I could come up with.

Definitions:

Subjective:

influenced by or based on personal beliefs or feelings, rather than based on facts: 

ref:

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/subjective

Objective:

based on real facts and not influenced by personal beliefs or feelings: 

ref:

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/objective

Acknowledge:

to accept, admit, or recognize something, or the truth or existence of something: 

ref:

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/acknowledge

sometimes:

at a time in the future or the past that is not known or not stated: 

Ref:

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/sometime

Quran:

The Quran[a] (Arabic: الْقُرْآن,[b][c] lit. 'the recitation' or 'the lecture'), also romanized Qur'an or Koran,[d] is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation directly from God (Allāh). It is organized in 114 chapters (sūrah, pl. suwar) which consist of individual verses (āyah). Besides its religious significance, it is widely regarded as the finest work in Arabic literature,[11][12][13] and has significantly influenced the Arabic language.

ref:

 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quran

Religion:

the belief in and worship of a god or gods, or any such system of belief and worship: 

Ref: 

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/religion

2nd

an organised system of religious attitudes, beliefs, and practices 

Ref:

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/religion

Science:

knowledge or a system of knowledge covering general truths or the operation of general laws especially as obtained and tested through scientific method 

Ref:

https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/science

2nd

(knowledge from) the careful study of the structure and behaviour of the physical world, especially by watching, measuring, and doing experiments, and the development of theories to describe the results of these activities: 

Ref:

https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/science

Empiricism:

empiricism, in philosophy, the view that all concepts originate in experience, that all concepts are about or applicable to things that can be experienced, or that all rationally acceptable beliefs or propositions are justifiable or knowable only through experience. This broad definition accords with the derivation of the term empiricism from the ancient Greek word empeiria, “experience.” 

https://www.britannica.com/topic/empiricism

Rebuttal:

My opponent’s response did not actually address the central arguments I presented regarding the origin of the universe.

The debate resolution is:

“Islam explains best about the origin of the universe.”

To challenge my case successfully, my opponent would need to do one of the following:

1. Explain how the universe originated without a creator.
2. Explain how something can come from absolute nothingness.
3. Explain how the laws governing the universe originated.
4. Refute the Qur’anic cosmological framework directly.
5. Present an alternative explanation with greater explanatory power than Islam.

However, none of this was done.

Instead, my opponent mainly argued:

1. Religion should sometimes be taken subjectively.
2. The Big Bang likely happened.
3. Some Muslims believe the Big Bang.

None of these points refute my argument.

The Big Bang Does Not Refute Creation

In fact, the Big Bang supports one of the central Islamic claims:

The universe had a beginning.

Modern cosmology strongly supports that spacetime, matter, and energy were once compressed into an extremely dense early state.

Central cosmological idea:

t approaches 0

As we approach the beginning, current physical theories break down.

Even secular cosmologists openly admit:

1. General relativity breaks at singularity conditions.
2. Quantum gravity is incomplete.
3. Science currently cannot explain the origin state itself.

So the real question is not:

“How did the universe expand?”

The real question is:

“Why does anything exist at all?”

Science describes mechanisms and behaviour after existence already begins.

It does not explain why existence itself emerged.

Mechanism vs Cause

My opponent appears to confuse physical mechanism with ultimate causation.

These are not the same thing.

For example:

If someone explains how ink spreads across paper, they still have not explained who wrote the book.

Likewise:

Describing cosmic expansion does not explain why the universe exists in the first place.

The Qur’an explains origin, while science studies process.

These are different explanatory levels, not contradictions.

Self-Creation Is Irrational

The Qur’an presents a philosophical challenge in Surah At-Tur:

“Were they created by nothing, or were they themselves the creators?”

(Qur’an 52:35)

This remains one of the most profound philosophical questions regarding existence.

There are only a few logical possibilities:

1. The universe created itself.
2. The universe came from nothing.
3. The universe is eternal.
4. The universe was caused by something independent of it.

Option 1 fails logically because something cannot exist before itself to create itself.

Option 2 fails because absolute nothingness has no power, laws, or potential.

Option 3 is challenged by modern cosmology, thermodynamics, and the observable expansion of the universe.

That leaves option 4:

A necessary independent cause beyond spacetime and matter.

This is philosophically consistent with the Islamic concept of Allah.

The Qur’an and Cosmology

My opponent suggested that accepting the Big Bang somehow conflicts with Islam.

But Muslims accepting the Big Bang does not mean rejecting the Qur’an.

The Qur’an already describes:

1. a unified early state
2. separation of heavens and earth
3. ongoing expansion
4. staged creation
5. an early smoke-like cosmic condition

The Qur’an states:

“Have those who disbelieved not considered that the heavens and the earth were a joined entity, then We separated them?”

(Qur’an 21:30)

And:

“And the heaven We constructed with strength, and indeed We are expanding it.”

(Qur’an 51:47)

The point is not that the Qur’an is a physics textbook.

The point is that the Qur’an presents a cosmological framework remarkably compatible with modern discoveries while avoiding the major cosmological errors common in ancient civilizations.

Final Point

My opponent says religion should sometimes be taken subjectively.

But the question of the universe’s origin is not merely subjective preference.

Either:

1. existence has an explanation,
2. or
3. it does not.

Islam provides a coherent ontological explanation:

1. The universe had a beginning.
2. It did not create itself.
3. It was brought into existence intentionally by an independent creator.

Science studies the behaviour of creation.

Islam explains why creation exists at all.

I now invite my opponent to directly answer the following question:

What caused the universe to begin existing?

while:

What Islam say about Science and Observation?

Lets dive and see if science is out of Islamic scope?

Surah Al-Alaq (96:1-5) — The very first revelation:

"Read! In the name of your Lord who created..."

This commands seeking knowledge — the foundation of research.

Surah Al-Imran (3:190-191)

"In the creation of heavens and earth and the alternation of night and day are signs for people of reason..."

Directly calls to observe and reflect on the natural world.

Surah Yunus (10:101)

"Tell them: 'Observe carefully all that is in the heavens and the earth.' But no signs and warnings can avail those who are bent on not believing. "

A direct command to observe the universe — core of scientific inquiry.

Surah Al-Ghashiyah (88:17-20)

"Do they not look at the camels, how they are created? And the sky, how it is raised? And the mountains, how they are fixed? And the earth, how it is spread out?"

Surah Al-Anbiya (21:30)

"Have not those who disbelieve known that the heavens and the earth were of one piece, then We parted them, and we made every living thing of water? Will they not then believe? " — Referenced with Big Bang theory

Surah Al-Dhariyat (51:47)

"And the heaven We constructed with strength, and indeed We are its expander..." — Referenced with expanding universe

Surah Al-Nahl (16:69)

"...there comes from their bellies a drink of varying colours, in which there is healing for people..." — Referenced with properties of honey

Surah Al-Zumar (39:21)

"Do you not see that Allah sends down rain from the sky and makes it flow into springs in the earth..." — References water cycle

Why Islam is Different from Other Religions?

Answer:

Islam invites you to find the truth and reality of whatever Allah has created. That is why humanity shifted from Greek philosophy and theoretical knowledge to Scientific method. 

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