@FLRW wrote in post #169: The Sun has been shining for 4.6 billion years.
Your statement is faith, not scientific fact.
@FLRW wrote in post #169: Considerable hydrogen has been converted to helium in the core, where the burning is most rapid.
Your statement is a leap of faith. You have NO idea of the Sun’s core.
@FLRW wrote in post #169: The helium remains there, where it absorbs radiation more readily than hydrogen. This raises the central temperature and increases the brightness.
Your statement is speculative faith, not the scientific method about the Sun’s center.
@FLRW wrote in post #169: Model calculations conclude that the Sun becomes 10 percent brighter every billion years;
Your magical, mystical math calculations are your belief system, not a scientific method explanation, so astronomer astrologers deceiving vulnerable people. It’s akin to the scientific method (detailed) versus unscientific confirmation of error example of William and Valdemar recorded in post #118.
@FLRW wrote in post #169: hence it must now be at least 40 percent brighter than at the time of planet formation.
You disguise your faith as fact in your statement, there.
@FLRW wrote in post #169: This would produce an increase in Earth’s temperature, but no such effect appears in the fossil record. There were probably compensating thermostatic effects in the atmosphere of Earth, such as the greenhouse effect and cloudiness. The young Sun may also have been more massive, and thus more luminous, and would have lost its early mass through the solar wind. The increase in solar brightness can be expected to continue as the hydrogen in the core is depleted and the region of nuclear burning moves outward. At least as important for the future of Earth is the fact that tidal friction will slow down Earth’s rotation until, in four billion years, its rotation will match that of the Moon, turning once in 30 of our present days.
You speculate, followed by more speculation, with interjections of non big bang argument, extended by more conjecture, expanded by your magical, mystical arts of astronomer astrologers.
You have no scientific proof of the Sun’s internals. The Sun is the closest star to Earth, and you science (know) nothing about the Sun’s core; therefore, your claims about the Sun are leaps of faith.
You don’t know what elements are inside of the Sun, at a mere 8 light minutes from Earth, so you have absolutely no idea of all the elements that could be in the Magellanic Clouds.
I remind you of your astrophysicist Stephen Hawking’s “a case of knowing the result they wanted to get, not an uncommon occurrence in science”.
The Big Bang is nothing more than a leap of faith. Try as you may, try as you might, you meander in mythical Big Bang mindset.