Let us use example of one religious person who believes in God, and another religious person who believes in 4 gods, including the one first religious person believes in.
Now, take note, this isnt a religious thread, so keep your "God is imaginary" comments elsewhere.
the theory says this when there are 4 options:
(exclusive in this case means that the option is only true when it is contained as written. So AB wont be true if A is true, or if ABC is true, but only if AB is true)
Set 1: A, B, C, D
true when: A true, B true, C true, D true, all true, exclusive all true, any non-exclusive combination of ABCD true
false when: none true, exclusive A true, exclusive B true, exclusive C true, exclusive D true, any exclusive combination of ABCD true, any partly exclusive combination of A, B, C, D true
Correct cases: 6 (or 7 if ABCD and exclusive ABCD are treated separately)
Incorrect cases 7
Correct rate: 50%
Set 2: A
true when: A true, exclusive A true, all true, any combination of ABCD true, combination of partly exclusive "A" true
false when: none true, B true, C true, D true, any combination of BCD true, exclusive all true, any combination of ABCD exclusive true, any combination of partly exclusive true,
correct cases: 4 (or 5 if all true and combination of ABCD true are treated separately)
Incorrect cases: 7 (or 8 if any combination if ABCD exclusive and all exclusive are treated separately)
correct rate: about 30%
In simple terms, second religious person who believes in 4 Gods has higher correct rate than person who believes in 1 God, or person who believes in no God, when each option is given equal probability.
this theory is based on math sets where Set 1 (A, B, C, D) is correct in more cases than Set 2 (A), when we take into account each individually, combination of each, combination of exclusive, and individually exclusive.
Set 2 is true when these are required standards for something to be true:
A true
Only A true (A true and BCD false)
A true and B false
A true and C false
A true and D false
A true and BC false
A true and BD false
A true and CD false
AB true
ABC true
ABCD true
AD true
AC true
Correct: 13 cases
Set 1 is true when these are required standards for something to be true:
A true
B true
C true
D true
AB true
AC true
AD true
ACD true
ABD true
ABC true
ABCD true
BC true
BD true
BCD true
CD true
Exclusive ABCD true
Correct: 16 cases
to avoid any confusion, the standards applied here are standards when Set contains what is asked of it to contain. So if it is asked to contain A, then ABCD contains A. But if it is asked to contain only A, then ABCD does not contain only A.
this system was made to account for all possible standards of accepting something as true.
When looking at exact truth, both sets are equal. But when looking at partial truth, sets are not equal, because in cases of partial truth, set 1 is true in more cases.
So person who believes in one God is true in less cases than person who believes in more Gods, and person who believes in no Gods is correct only if no Gods exist, which is only being correct in 1 case.